Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are caused by bacteria that have spread from the rectum or vagina to the urethra and bladder.

They may be caused by a sexually transmitted infection.

 If left untreated, may cause kidney infection.

UTIs include infections of the bladder — also called cystitis; the ureters — the tubes that lead from the kidneys to the bladder; and the urethra — the tube that carries urine from the bladder out of the body.

They affect women more often than men because a woman's urethra is shorter than a man's and bacteria may get to the bladder more easily.

A woman's urethra is also closer to the anus than a man's.

Transmission

• Anything that brings particles of fecal material into contact with the vagina and urethra can cause UTIs.
• Unprotected anal intercourse is a very high-risk behavior for urinary tract infection.
• Some women who use the diaphragm or shield are susceptible to frequent UTIs.

Signs/Symptoms

• Burning pain during urination
• Urge to urinate when the bladder is nearly empty
• Frequent urge to urinate, especially at night
• Involuntary loss of urine
• Lower abdominal pain or back pain
• Blood and pus in urine
• Fever

Treatment

• Antibiotics

Prevention

• Drink when you are thirsty
• Urinate as soon as you feel the urge
• Drink unsweetened cranberry juice
• Urinate immediately before and after intercourse
• Avoid using any sexual position that seems to trigger UTIs
• Keep the pubic area clean and dry
• Use latex or female condoms during vaginal or anal intercourse
• Use lubricants during vaginal intercourse — especially if the vagina is dry