Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are caused by bacteria that have spread from the rectum or vagina to the urethra and bladder.

They may be caused by a sexually transmitted infection.

If left untreated, may cause kidney infection.

UTIs include infections of the bladder — also called cystitis; the ureters — the tubes that lead from the kidneys to the bladder; and the urethra — the tube that carries urine from the bladder out of the body.

They affect women more often than men because a woman's urethra is shorter than a man's and bacteria may get to the bladder more easily.

A woman's urethra is also closer to the anus than a man's.

Transmission

• Anything that brings particles of fecal material into contact with the vagina and urethra can cause UTIs.

• Unprotected anal intercourse is a very high-risk behavior for urinary tract infection.

• Some women who use the diaphragm or shield are susceptible to frequent UTIs.

Signs/Symptoms

• Burning pain during urination

• Urge to urinate when the bladder is nearly empty

• Frequent urge to urinate, especially at night

• Involuntary loss of urine

• Lower abdominal pain or back pain

• Blood and pus in urine

• Fever

Treatment

• Antibiotics

Prevention

• Drink when you are thirsty

• Urinate as soon as you feel the urge

• Drink unsweetened cranberry juice

• Urinate immediately before and after intercourse

• Avoid using any sexual position that seems to trigger UTIs

• Keep the pubic area clean and dry

• Use latex or female condoms during vaginal or anal intercourse

• Use lubricants during vaginal intercourse — especially if the vagina is dry